Retinal vascular change is associated with changes in the brains of patients with dementia; however, there is limited evidence regarding the relationship between retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and risk of dementia. A group in South Korea investigated the association between RVO and subsequent risk of dementia using a cohort comprising the entire Korean population.
This retrospective cohort study was based on the data of participants ≥40 years who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2010 provided by South Korean National Health Insurance Service. The RVO group (n = 46,259) comprised patients who were initially diagnosed between 2006 and 2010; the comparison group (three per RVO patient; n = 138,777) was selected using propensity score matching according to age, sex, and systolic blood pressure. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed.
During mean follow-up of 6.6 years, 14,727 cases of dementia developed. From the Kaplan-Meier curves, incidence probabilities for all types of dementia were significantly increased in the RVO group, relative to the comparison group (all log-rank P <0.001). After adjusting for all confounding variables, the RVO group exhibited increased risks of subsequent all-cause dementia (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.12-1.21), Alzheimer’s disease (1.15, 1.11-1.20), and vascular dementia (1.24, 1.12-1.37) relative to the comparison group. The presence of RVO was significantly associated with increased risks of all three types of dementia both in hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals.
In conclusion, the authors note that in this large-scaled population-based cohort study, RVO was significantly associated with increased risks of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and vascular dementia.
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